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The term ''choice theory'' is the work of William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs (survival needs): * food * clothing * shelter * breathing * personal safety * security and four fundamental psychological needs: * Belonging/connecting/love * Power/significance/competence * Freedom/autonomy * Fun/learning Choice theory suggests the existence of a "Quality World". The phrase "Quality World" represents a person's "perfect" world, as it relates to people, possessions, beliefs, etc. Starting from birth and continuing throughout our lives, we place the people who are important to us, things we prize, and systems of belief (religion, cultural values, and icons, etc.) within the framework of our "Quality World". Glasser also posits a "Comparing Place" in which we compare and contrast our perceptions against our Quality World perspective. We behave to achieve as best we can a real world experience consistent with our Quality World. Behavior ("Total Behavior" in Glasser's terms) is made up of these four components: acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology. Glasser suggests that we have considerable control or choice over the first two of these, and little ability to directly choose the latter two. As these four components are closely intertwined, the choices we make in our thinking and acting greatly affect our feeling and physiology. The source of much unhappiness is the failing or failed relationships with those who are important to us: spouses, parents, children, friends and colleagues. The symptoms of unhappiness are widely variable and are often seen as mental illness. Glasser believed that "pleasure" and "happiness" are related but are far from synonymous. Sex, for example, is a "pleasure" but may well be divorced from a "satisfactory relationship" which is a precondition for lasting "happiness" in life. Hence the intense focus on the improvement of relationships in counseling with Choice Theory—the "new Reality Therapy". Choice Theory posits that most mental illness is, in fact, an expression of unhappiness and that we are able to learn how to choose alternate behaviors that will result in greater satisfaction. Reality Therapy is the Choice Theory-based counseling process focused on helping clients to learn to make those self-optimizing choices. The Ten Axioms of Choice Theory〔http://www.choicetheory.com〕 1. The only person whose behavior we can control is our own. 2. All we can give another person is information. 3. All long-lasting psychological problems are relationship problems. 4. The problem relationship is always part of our present life. 5. What happened in the past has everything to do with what we are today, but we can only satisfy our basic needs right now and plan to continue satisfying them in the future. 6. We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our Quality World. 7. All we do is behave. 8. All behavior is Total Behavior and is made up of four components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology 9. All Total Behavior is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components. We can only control our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we choose to act and think. 10. All Total Behavior is designated by verbs and named by the part that is the most recognizable. == Choice Theory in Classroom Management == William Glasser’s Choice Theory is the theory that we all choose how to behave at any time, and that we cannot control anyone’s behavior but our own. Glasser also believed in the vitality of classroom meetings that are held for communication and solving problems. In the classroom it will be important for teachers to “help students envision a quality existence in school and plan the choices that lead to it."〔Charles, C.M. (2008). ''Building Classroom Discipline.'' (9th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. 〕 For example, Johnny Waits is an 18-year-old high school senior and plans on attending college to become a computer programmer. Glasser suggests that Johnny should be learning as much as he can about computers instead of reading Plato. This concept is called quality curriculum, which consists of topics students find useful and enjoyable. Under Glasser’s strategy, the teacher would hold discussions with students when introducing new topics and ask them to identify what they would like to explore in depth. As part of the process, students need to explain why the material is valuable in life.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Glasser's choice theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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